風險溝通方式對民眾風險認知之影響：以荷爾蒙補充療法之研究為例

背景： 本研究探討由醫學研究論文發表，經媒體報導，到民眾接受資訊之間，不同風險訊息的表達方式，對民眾風險認知的影響。 .目的： 本研究以「荷爾蒙補充療法研究」的研究與媒體報導為例，探討相同的研究結果透過不同方式表達，如何影響民眾對風險訊息的接受程度、態度及決定。 方法： 本研究根據「荷爾蒙補充療法研究」的研究結果，將乳癌、心臟病、腦中風、大腸癌與骨折等四種疾病的風險或保護性，以增加百分比法（A）、相對倍數法（B）、罹患人數法（C）及圖形表達法（D）等四種表達方式設計問卷，發放參加演講的醫院志工人員及醫護人員。本研究的問卷調查分兩次發放，共發放問卷327份，回收率100%，可用問卷占95%，其中A組有81份，B組86份，C組78份及D組82份。 結果： 在四種風險表達方式中，無論危險性或保護性，民眾的風險認知都以增加百分比法對為最高（乳癌53.7 %、心臟病54.9%、腦中風73%、大腸癌35.37%），在五種疾病中，唯一的例外是骨折保護性，在圖形表達方式組中，民眾認知的保護性最高（22%）。五種疾病的風險以四種不同方式表達，民眾的風險認知都呈現顯著差異（P<0.05）。但是回答是否考慮使用何爾蒙，則四組間沒有顯著差異。 結論： 本研究發現，不同風險表達方式對民眾對荷爾蒙使用的風險認知有顯著影響，但對民眾是否使用荷爾蒙的決定並無顯著影響，由風險認知到採取行動之間，還有更複雜的影響因素，需要更進一步研究探討。

Background: The focus of this paper is on the effect of people’s prevention which is presented by different method for risk information. Purpose: This paper “Women’s Health Initiative study” is used as an example to study how different risk presentation methods would affect people’s attitude ad decision for prevention. Methods: We designed a questionnaire based on “Women’s Health Initiative study” providing results to hospital staffs and volunteer workers. The questionnaire conveys the risk and protection of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, fractures and colorectal cancer, and has 4 different presentation methods (A) relative risk reduction (B) relative risk (C) absolute risk (D) graphic result. There are 327 questionnaires in total, and the return rate is 100% and 95% of questionnaires are valid. We have 81 in Group A, 86 in Group B, 78 in Group C and 82 in Group D. Results: Among the four different presentation methods, Group A (Relative Risk Reduction) had the highest effect on people’s risk prevention compared to the other groups whatever the risk or protection. The only exception is fractures protection in which graphic had a higher effect (22%). People’s prevention had a significant difference (P<0.05) when the risk of the five diseases was compared with four different methods. No obvious difference could be found with respect to the subject’s decision on hormone use. Conclusions: Different presentation methods could affect people’s prevention concern the usage of Hormone, But no obvious effect on people’s decision for Hormone usage was observed. We need to do further studies on people’s risk prevention before taking action. Additional complex factors exist concerning this problem.