國小學童體重控制介入計畫對肥胖指標及其相關因素之影響

本研究之目的在探討國小體重控制介入計畫，對學童肥胖指標 、血壓 、血脂及營養知識、態度、行為之影響。研究設計為類實驗 研究，對象為 國小四、五年級之肥胖學童，實驗組 與對照組各有52名，共計104 名。總 總共觀察一年期間，其中實驗 組接受六週之營養教育及體能訓練課，對照 組並無任何介入活動。 在不同時期比較兩組學童各種肥胖指標( 包括身體 質量指數、皮下 脂肪厚度、腰髖比及脂肪率 )、血壓、血脂之變化及對營 養知識態 度與行為之影響。問卷事前經過預測，信度及效度測試後，才進 行 資料收集。回收問卷後經編碼與譯碼，再以SAS/PC+6.04 統計軟體進行 分析。結果如下：1.體重控制介入計畫對學童營養知識、態度、行為均有 正面影響。2.在各種肥胖指標方面，實驗組均較對照組有較正面改變。但 追蹤10個月，卻發現當體重控制介入計畫結束後，在各項肥胖指標方面， 實驗組學童反而較對照組學童增加速度來得快。3.父母營養知識會影響學 童知識及態度，不過其營養態度對學童營養知識、態度之影響較不顯著。 因此，體重控制介入確實在短期體重控制具有效果，不過若要長期有效地 控制體重，則應仰賴於學校、學童與家長三方面密切地配合。以學校為基 礎的體重控制介入計畫仍需長期間追蹤輔導與觀察，才能產生具體的體重 控制成效。 關鍵詞 : 國小學童 體重控制介入計畫 肥胖指標

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of body weight reduction program regarding obesity indexes , ( including body mass index,skinfold thickness, waist-hip ratio and percent body fat) blood pressure ,blood lipid and knowledge,attitude ,and behavior toward nutrition among elemantary school childrens. A quasi-experimental design was conducted and observed one year. A total of 104 obesity childrens in the 4th and 5th participated in current study.Fifty-two of the 104 children were in the experimental group ;the other fifty-two children were in the control group.Subjects were interviewed by a questionnaire verified through reliability and validity testfor measuring knowledge,attitude,and behvior toward nutrition.All information was analyzed using SAS/PC+6.04 packape.The result showed that obesity children’s knowledge,attitude,and behavior toward nutrition in the experimental group were higher and more postive than those in the control group. Also ,parents’knowledge toward nutrition significant correlated with their children’s knowledge and attitude toward nutrition.Obesity indexes in the experimental group were lower and decreased higher than those in the control group during this intervention program. However, the obesity indexes in the experimental group were higher and increased faster than those in the control group in the ten months late.Conclusively, this weight reduction program was actually effect for obesity childrens,moreover, the effectiveness of obesity reduction should be depened on the cooperation between school,children and parents in the long term.The school-base on the weight reduction program absolutely need cooperation between parent and children to achieve the long term reduction effect. Key words: elementary school children weight reduction program obesity indexes