中高年級兒童知覺父母情感拒絕行為與其問題行為之研究-以復原力為中介與調節變項

本研究旨在了解國小中高年級兒童知覺父母情感拒絕行為、復原力與其問題行為之關係，採便利取樣方式，利用問卷調查法，以國小三年級、四年級、五年級、六年級學生為研究對象（N＝485，Mage=10.20，SD=0.96；Male＝218），抽取台灣北、中、南地區，包含宜蘭市、台北市、新北市、新竹市、台中市、彰化縣市、雲林縣、台南市、高雄市、屏東市之國小進行調查。本研究共取得485份有效樣本，並以中高年級兒童在「家長接納與管教問卷:兒童版（Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire，簡稱 Child-PARQ/Control）」、「Connor-Davidson 彈性量表（Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale，簡稱CD-RISC-25）」、以及兒童家長所填寫之「兒童行為檢核表（Child Behavior Checklist For Ages 6-18，簡稱CBCL 6-18）」的填答結果，分別以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關、階層迴歸、調節與中介效果等統計方法進行資料分析。茲將主要結果摘述如下：一、中高年級兒童知覺父母情感拒絕行為、復原力與兒童問題行為有顯著相關：知覺父母情感拒絕行為與復原力為負相關；復原力與兒童問題行為為負相關；知覺父母情感拒絕行為與兒童問題行為為正相關。二、控制性別與年級後，中高年級兒童知覺父母情感拒絕行為、復原力對兒童問題行為有顯著的預測力。三、復原力分量表「應對」、「情緒調節」在知覺母親情感拒絕行為與兒童問題行為與兒童內化行為之間具有調節效果；復原力與復原力分量表「意義」、「自我效能」對兒童內化行為間具有調節效果。四、復原力以及分量表「耐力」、「樂觀」在知覺父親情感拒絕行為與兒童問題、兒童內化行為之間具有中介效果；分量表「適應力」對兒童內化行為、「情緒調節」對兒童問題行為具有中介效果。五、復原力以及分量表「耐力」、「樂觀」、「情緒調節」在在知覺母親情感拒絕行為與兒童問題行為之間具有中介效果。

This study aimed to clarify the relationships between perceived parental acceptance-rejection, resilience, and problem behaviors in middle and high-grade elementary school students. Participants were elementary school students in Yilan City, Taipei City, New Taipei City, Hsinchu City, Taichung City, Changhua County, Yunlin County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung City, and Pingtung City, and obtained 485 valid samples. The study instrument consisted of three questionnaires: 1. the Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (Child-PARQ/Control) and 2. the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) completed by the students；3."Child Behavior Checklist For Ages 6-18, abbreviated as CBCL 6-18" completed by the parents of the children. SPSS 26.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical regression, moderating, and mediating effects were used for data analysis. According to the result, this study summarized the following conclusions:1. Perceived parental acceptance-rejection, resilience, and child problem behavior are significantly related: Perceived parental acceptance-rejection was negatively correlated with resilience; resilience was negatively correlated with child problem behavior; and parental acceptance-rejection was positively correlated with child problem behavior.2. Significant predictive power between perceived parental acceptance-rejection, resilience, and child problem behavior in middle and high-grade elementary school children: After controlling for gender and grade, perceived parental acceptance-rejection and resilience were predictive of child problem behavior.3. Resilience subscale "Coping" and "Emotional Regulation" moderate relations between perceived maternal acceptance-rejection and the child's total and internalizing behavior; Resilience and the subscale "Meaning" and "Self-efficacy" moderate relations on the child's internalizing behavior.4. Resilience and the subscales "Hardiness" and "Optimism" mediate relations between perceived paternal acceptance-rejection and the child's total, internalized problem behavior; the subscales "Adaptability" had a mediating effect on the child's internalization and "Emotional Regulation" on the child's total problem behavior.5. Resilience and the subscales "Hardiness", "Optimism", and "Emotion Regulation" mediate relations between perceived maternal acceptance-rejection and child problem behavior.