2026-11-092026-11-09https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/38833In many manufacturing and service industries, the manual handling of materials still remains a substantial part of work. In general, manual materials handling (MMH) means that objects are being lifted, lowered, carried, held, pushed or pulled by hand. The occupational physiological workloads and musculoskeletal injuries may result from manual materials handling. In consideration of manual materials handling associated with serious problem on physiological workloads and musculoskeletal injuries, many studies concerned with health complaints related to MMH has mainly been focused at lifting and carrying loads. Less attention has been paid to pushing and pulling. However, it has been estimated that nearly half of MMH consists of pushing and pulling. Hence, whether other ergonomics improvements can reduce workers’ physiological workloads and musculoskeletal disorders is needed to further consideration. This study will proceed in three years. The first year, survey the work situation, physiological workloads, and musculoskeletal disorders associated with pushing/pulling work; the second year, evaluation the effects of work situation, working method, and exerted forces on physiological workloads and musculoskeletal disorders of workers during pushing/ pulling work on a flat surface; the third year, assessment the effects of the work situation and inclination angles on physiological workloads, musculoskeletal disorders and gait balance of workers during pushing/ pulling work on a slope surface. The self-administered questionnaire was investigated in the work situation, physiological workloads, and musculoskeletal disorders associated with pushing/pulling work in this year. A total of 500 operators participated in the survey, including employees of construction, logistic, food-service, medical service, airline service, and manufacture industry. Workers from construction, logistic, and food-service, provided 183 usable returns. The observational result shows that the frequency of pushing or pulling for “often”or “always”is 75.4%; the two-wheeled (50.3%) and four-wheeled (43.2%) carts are the mostly used in the workplace; the frequent cart load is below 100 kg (86.3%); the most pronounced distance of pushing or pulling is between 10 and 20 m (40.4%); nearly two-thirds (64.5%) of the handle height is between shoulder and elbow; the floor surface at degree 0 (41.0%), 32.2% at 0~10 degree and 19.1% at 15~30 degree. There are two tasks to be completed in next two years. In the laboratory study, evaluation the effects of work situation, working method, and exerted forces on physiological workloads and musculoskeletal disorders of workers during pushing/ pulling work on a flat surface and slope surface. In the field study, assessment the effects of the work situation and working method on physiological workloads, musculoskeletal disorders and gait balance of workers during pushing/ pulling work. This study shall contain a theoretical and realistic investigation, and the anticipated results of this study could be a workplace design reference for improvement of musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries.不論是製造業或服務業，有很多工作仍然需要人工來進行搬運。一般而言， 人工物料搬運作業係指物料被抬舉、卸下、提攜、握持、推或拉等。有鑑於人工 物料搬運所造成的生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害的嚴重性，已有很多研究深入探討其 危害成因。在這些人工物料搬運作業中，因執行人工抬舉與提攜作業而導致之健 康危害是最受矚目與關注的。相對而言，推/拉作業所產生之不良健康效應並未 受到重視，然而，根據研究發現大約50％左右的人工物料搬運工作是推拉作業。 因此，如何減輕作業人員執行推/拉作業產生之生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害，是值 得進一步研究。本研究將以三年的時間完成此研究計畫，第一年進行作業現場推 /拉作業特性、人員生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害調查；第二年探討平坦地面推/拉作 業之作業因素、作業方法與施力對於作業人員之生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害；第三 年評估傾斜地面推/拉作業之作業特性與傾斜角度對於作業人員之生理負荷、肌 肉骨骼傷害與步態平衡。 本研究正進行第一年作業現場推/拉作業特性、人員生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷 害調查，目前共發放500 份問卷，已回收183 份，調查的對象涵蓋營造業、物流 業、餐飲業、醫療服務業、航空服務業與製造業等經常搬運之作業場所人員。問 卷調查初步結果顯示：作業人員之推拉頻率為經常或總是的比例為75.4%；主要 使用的推車為兩輪式推車(50.3%)與四輪式推車(43.2%)；每次推拉重量在100 公 斤以下佔86.3%；推拉距離主要介於10～20 公尺(40.4%)；推車握把高度主要介 於手肘與肩高(64.5%)；推拉地面之傾斜角度為平面(41.0%)、00～150(32.2%)與 150～300(19.1%)。 本研究第二年與第三年欲完成的工作項目為：在實驗室及作業現場探討平 坦地面與傾斜地面推/拉作業之作業特性、作業方法與施力對於作業人員之生理 負荷、肌肉骨骼傷害與步態平衡。整體而言，本研究涵蓋理論與實務面之探討， 預期其結果可做為業界改善推/拉作業之職業性肌肉骨骼疲勞與傷害之參考。推拉作業肌肉骨骼傷害生理負荷Pushingpulling workmusculoskeletal disordersphysiological workloadsProject