2026-11-092026-11-09https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/37907In the most developed countries including Taiwan, chronic degenerate diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and degernative nerve diseases, increase rapidly during the past decades. Dietary factor is believed to play an important role in causing those chronic diseases. Therefore, an idea of balanced diet is recommended to all of the consumers. There is a growing interest that foods not only provide nutrients to meet our daily requirement but also contain a lot of phytochemicals, which may also exhibit health benefits to some extent. For instance, numerous evidences have indicated that phenolic compopunds, flavonoids, isoflavones and carotenoids play diverse biological activities including immune modulatory activity, antioxidant activity, antitumorigenesis, hypolipidemia and hypoglycemia etc. Therefore, in addition to look out the balance nutrients in our daily diet, the intake of those nonnutrient phytochemicals may also good in the prevention of chronic degenerate diseases. The etiology of atherosclerosis is multiple factors. In addition to hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and damage of endothelium cells also contribute to its formation. Macrophages are activated by numerous cytokines during inflammation and leads to the secretion of high amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Although those reactive species are important in against tumor and virus, they also cause oxidation of various intracellular macromolecules and damage cell functions. This implies that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages during chronic inflammation may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. Therefore, compounds that are effective in suppression of NO overproduction and in protection of cells against reactive nitrogen species insult might have the potential usefulness in prevention of atherosclerosis. Garlic is one of the foods that attract a lot of attention. Garlic contains a diverse organosulfur compounds (OSCs). S-allylcytein (SAC), however, is the only one that has been intensively studied on the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Compared to SAC, the effect of other OSCs such as S-ethylcystein (SEC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfie (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on iNOS is limited. In this study, we plan to investigate whether SAC, SEC, DAS, DADS and DATS suppress NO production and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.慢性退化性疾病在很多開發國家均是其國民名列前茅的死因，台彎也不例外，由衛生署公佈九十一年國人十大死因排名中，惡性腫瘤、心臟病、血管疾病、糖尿病分居前四名，即可見其端倪。不少慢性退化性疾病的發生與飲食有密切關係，所以排除或減少飲食中危險因子接觸機會或增加保護因子的攝食，就成為預防這些疾病的最好方法，這也是近年來保健營養所以日漸受到重視的主因。發炎（inflammation）是身體防禦微生物入侵時的正常反應，然而過度或不當的發炎也是不少慢性病發生的原因，比如粥狀動脈硬化就被視為慢性發炎相關疾病的一種。慢性發炎時，細胞激素的分泌將使得血管內皮細胞表面黏附分子（adhesion molecules）不正常表現、淋巴細胞與單核細胞侵入血管壁、泡沫細胞生成、血管壁肌肉細胞增生等，除此外，發炎也將使得誘導型一氧化氮合成脢（inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS）被活化，而製造大量一氧化氮（NO）。雖然，大量NO在感染和腫瘤的免疫反應中雖有著重要角色，但慢性發炎時所製造過量NO，卻因NO也是一種自由基，或NO可與超氧陰離子形成過氧化硝酸根，而傷害細胞或組織。因此，抑制慢性發炎或是慢性發炎所引發的不正常反應，將有助於減少慢性發炎相關疾病的發生。越來越多的人已瞭解到食物除了提供營養素外，其它同時存在於食物中所謂植物性化合物（phytochemicals），也可能擁有不可忽視的生理機能性，比如酚類化合物、類葫蘿蔔素、類黃酮、大豆異黃酮等，所表現出的免疫調控活性、抗氧化活性、抑制腫瘤生長活性、降血脂質活性、降血糖活性即受到不少人注意。因此，將之納入均衡飲食概念中，也是強身保健的有效方法之一。大蒜含有豐富有機硫化合物，近年來，大蒜在預防心血管疾病的相關研究，以後熟大蒜的水溶性萃出物及其主要的有機硫化合物S-allylcysteine (SAC)受到最多注意，實驗結果也指出後熟大蒜與SAC無論在降血膽固醇、抑制血小板凝集、抗氧化或抑制iNOS表現上均有不錯效果，顯示後熟大蒜在預防心血管疾病的應用性。相較於SAC，其他後熟大蒜水溶性成份，比如S-ethylcysteine (SEC)，相關研究則少了許多。至於脂溶性成份雖也有不少研究，但以diallyl sulfide (DAS)及diallyl disulfide (DADS)最常見，且其研究主要以降血膽固醇、抗氧化、抑制腫瘤等方面為主，對NO生成抑制效應上則是相當少見，至於另一重要硫成分—diallyl trisulfide (DATS)，大蒜精油中最主要的有機硫成分，則是尚未見諸報導。近來，實驗室針對這些大蒜成分曾進行初步比較分析，結果指出：脂溶性成分（DAS, DADS and DATS）抑制脂多醣（lipopolysaccharide, LPS）誘發RAW264.7巨噬細胞生成NO的能力顯著高於水溶性的SAC，顯示相較於後熟大蒜，富含脂溶性硫成分的大蒜精油在抑制慢性發炎誘發NO生成的應用潛力。本計畫將以RAW264.7巨噬細胞株為對象，在LPS處理下，分析nitrite濃度、iNOS蛋白與mRNA表現、NF？B活化、清除活性氧化物能力，探討並比較大蒜精油和五種大蒜成份—SAC, SEC, DAS, DADS and DATS對一氧化氮生合成表現之效應。大蒜有機硫成分一氧化氮誘導型一氧化氮合成脢garlicorganosulfur compoundsnitric oxideinducible nitric oxide synthaseProject