Yu‐Hsin YenFu‐Shun YenFu‐Shun KoJames Cheng‐Chung WeiYuhan HuangTeng‐Shun YuChii‐Min HwuChih‐Cheng Hsu2026-02-042026-02-042024-08-2910.1111/dom.15908https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/5042<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Aim</jats:title> <jats:p>To assess the likelihood of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), distinguishing between those with and without microvascular diseases.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Leveraging the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, we identified individuals newly diagnosed with T2D from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2014. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risk of outcomes.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Individuals with microvascular disease had a significantly higher risk of all‐cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.13 [1.09, 1.17]) compared with matched individuals without microvascular disease. In addition, individuals with diabetic kidney disease and diabetic neuropathy were associated with a significantly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (1.16 [1.02, 1.32] and 1.14 [1.03, 1.27]), vascular dementia (1.21 [1.06, 1.38] and 1.14 [1.02, 1.28]) and other dementia (1.11 [1.04, 1.19] and 1.10 [1.04, 1.16]), respectively, compared with those without microvascular disease.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>This nationwide cohort study showed that patients with T2D and microvascular disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic neuropathy, were associated with a significantly higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, other dementia and all‐cause dementia than those without microvascular disease.</jats:p> </jats:sec>[SDGs]SDG3journal-article