Kuan-Yin LinHsin-Yun SunChia-Jui YangPo-Liang LuYuan-Ti LeeNan-Yao LeeBo-Huang LiouHung-Jen TangMei-Hui LeeNing-Chi WangTun-Chieh ChenIng-Moi HiiSung-Hsi HuangChi-Ying LinChin-Shiang TsaiChien-Yu ChengChien-Ching HungChien-Ching HungSui-Yuan ChangHsin-Yun SunYu-Shan HuangKuan-Yin LinGuan-Jhou ChenPei-Ying WuLing-Ya ChenHsi-Yen ChangWen-Chun LiuYi-Ching SuNing-Chi WangTe-Yu LinChia-Jui YangMao-Song TsaiMei-Hui LeeYi-Chieh LeeShu-Hsing ChengChien-Yu ChengBo-Huang LiouSung-Hsi HuangYi-Chia HuangAn-Ting PengYuan-Ti LeeYu-Lin LeeChia-Chun LinShih-Ping LinChia-Yin HsiehHsiu-Wen WangMao-Wang HoChun-Eng LiuIng-Moi HiiChi-Ying LinHung-Jen TangNan-Yao LeeChin-Shiang TsaiTung-Che HungYen-Hsu ChenPo-Liang LuChun-Yuan LeeTun-Chieh ChenHung-Chin TsaiHsi-Hsun LinChen-Hsiang Lee2026-02-042026-02-042023-12-0510.1093/cid/ciad730https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/4896<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Real-world experience with combinations of short-course rifapentine-based regimens and integrase strand-transfer inhibitor–containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in management of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) is limited among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>From August 2019 to October 2022, PWH receiving 3 months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) or 1 month of daily rifapentine plus isoniazid (1HP) in combination with ART were included. The primary outcome was virologic response within 12 months after LTBI treatment; secondary outcomes included treatment completion rate and safety of LTBI regimens.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>During the study period, 479 PWH (94.6% male; median age, 43 years) were included: 142 received 1HP and bictegravir (BIC)-containing regimens (1HP/BIC group), 46 1HP and dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens (1HP/DTG group), 38 3HP and BIC-containing regimens (3HP/BIC group), 214 3HP and DTG-containing regimens (3HP/DTG group), 17 1HP and other ART regimens (1HP/others group), and 22 3HP/other ART regimens (3HP/others group). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the proportions of PWH maintaining plasma HIV-1 RNA &amp;lt;200 copies/mL within 12 months after LTBI treatment completion were 96.5% (1HP/BIC), 100% (1HP/DTG), 100% (3HP/BIC), 95.8% (3HP/DTG), 100% (1HP/others), and 100% (3HP/others). The overall completion rates were &amp;gt;80% for all treatment groups, whereas &amp;gt;50% of the included PWH experienced any adverse event. LTBI regimens and ART combinations were not associated with virologic response and completion rate.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Combinations of short-course rifapentine-based regimens and integrase strand-transfer inhibitor-containing ART maintained viral suppression for most PWH within 12 months of LTBI treatment completion with low rates of grade 3 or higher adverse events.</jats:p> </jats:sec>[SDGs]SDG3journal-article