YEN-CHING CHANG2026-10-162026-10-162011-01-01Pure ID: 15044221Pure UUID: 03b2b47b-92ed-42f8-9dd0-91f1d769032b10.1109/CECNET.2011.5769103https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/79958256757https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/30104This paper shows that a laser range finder and four artificial reflectors can be used to determine the position of a mobile robot in a three-dimensional (3D) working space provided that the four reflectors are not installed in the same plane. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to filter possible measuring errors. To show the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method, experimental results are included for illustration.4enjournal article