2026-11-092026-11-09https://scholars.csmu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/38673The goal of this project is, through theoretical analyses and Monte-Carlo simulations, to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of a novel molecular imaging method – refocused SPECT (ReSPECT). ReSPECT is an exciting, yet untested, endeavor. By adaptively refocusing on a specified region-of-interest (ROI) using novel SPECT collimator designs, it can potentially enable high performance three-dimensional (3D) molecular imaging, characterized by high-resolution, high-sensitivity, high-specificity, and high-adaptability (H4), which will have a great impact on, for example, breast cancer imaging. While the ROI can be specified either by a fast survey-type SPECT scan, or by other imaging modalities such as MRI and 3D Ultrasound, the refocusing is realized through the use of a rotating multipinhole (rMPH) collimation technique. The concept of rMPH collimation was given birth by accumulating years of research efforts in SPECT imaging using parallel-hole, rotating slant-hole (RSH), and single and multi-pinhole collimations. It took advantage of high resolution made possible by pinhole collimation, high photon-detection efficiency provided by multipinhole methodology, and highly adaptive 3D imaging (e.g., in terms of scanning geometry, resolution, and field-of-view) brought by the rotatable and interchangeable multipinhole collimation masks (with detectors remaining stationary), all of which are essential for high performance 3D breast molecular imaging. The most logical first step to test the above concepts and start the journey of fulfilling the great promises of ReSPECT is to make use of realistic computer simulation tools and advanced theoretical framework for imaging system design. The specific aims of this two-year project are: (1) to study the theory of rMPH collimation, such as resolution-sensitivity tradeoff and conditions for sufficient data sampling, for adaptive 3D refocused SPECT imaging; (2) to design rMPH SPECT collimators and study associated data acquisition strategies using theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations; (3) to develop fast, accurate, and quantitative rMPH SPECT image reconstruction software and adaptable geometric calibration methods, and (4) to provide blueprints of cost-effective implementation and integration plans for the future construction of a ReSPECT imaging system, or multi-modality systems involving the use of this novel technology. The ReSPECT method has great promises in (1) significantly improving the diagnostic accuracy (both sensitivity and specificity) in breast cancer, especially for imaging dense breasts (accounting for a notable percentage in Asian women), where X-ray mammography has been proved to be ineffective, and (2) reducing the time needed for the breast cancer diagnostic procedures and therefore improving patients’ comforts. It can overcome the limitations of existing breast SPECT imaging approaches. At the same time, SPECT is a versatile and widely available molecular imaging modality, and this novel ReSPECT method, if proven feasible, can have implications go far beyond breast cancer detections.隨著現今分子醫學的快速發展，本計畫目的在開發一種新型的分子醫學成像方法–ReSPECT ，並借助理論分析和蒙地卡羅模擬方式驗證其可行性和優越性。ReSPECT為重聚焦(refocused)單 光子射出電腦斷層造影(SPECT)方法之英文縮寫，主要概念是利用獨特的SPECT準直器設計對感 興趣區域(Region of Interest - ROI)進行重聚焦單光子射出電腦斷層造影(refocused SPECT)，以提供 具有四高特性(高空間分辨率、高光子靈敏度、高診斷準確度，和高成像適應性)的三維立體分子 影像(molecular imaging)。本計畫所提出的概念若驗證成功，預期將對很多SPECT應用領域，例如 乳腺癌檢測成像，帶來很大的助益。 上述提及的ROI的圈選可以通過很多方式決定，包括傳統的SPECT掃描、核磁共振造影(MRI) 或三維超音波(Ultrasound)掃描。對於能夠提供重聚焦能力的SPECT準直器，本研究將採用新穎的 旋轉式多針孔(rotating multipinhole - rMPH)設計。旋轉式多針孔(rMPH)的概念來自於積累多年的 SPECT準直器研究成果，包括平行孔(Parallel Hole)、旋轉斜孔(Rotating Slant Hole)，以及單針孔 (single pinhole)和多針孔(multipinhole)成像技術。通過使用創新的可旋轉(rotatable)和可互換 (interchangeable)多針孔準直器設計，rMPH技術預期將集個設計之長，達到像單針孔技術一樣的高 空間分辨率，以及多針孔技術的高光子靈敏度，並達到像旋轉斜孔技術一樣的自適應三維成像能 力(特別是對於掃描軌道、空間分辨率和視野範圍的選用具有相當的靈活性) – 這些特性對滿足三 維高性能乳腺癌分子成像之要求具有極大潛力。在此，本研究將使用蒙地卡羅模擬運算方法及理 論設計框架驗證上述的特性，並藉此對ReSPECT的設計概念提供堅實的理論基礎。 此為期兩年的計畫，預計將分為四大主軸研究：(1)進行系統性rMPH之理論研究，包括建立空 間分辨率和光子靈敏度之互動關係，並探討三維SPECT成像數據採集之理論充分性; (2)利用理論 分析和蒙地卡羅模擬，設計並最佳化rMPH準直儀和相關的數據採集策略; (3)開發快速、準確及定 量的圖像重建軟體並針對rMPH獨特設計建立一套專屬的幾何校正方法; (4)研究並提供未來硬體設 計藍圖、造價考量和未來與其它影像系統整合(multi-modality)方案。 最後，對於乳腺癌分子成像，本研究所提出的ReSPECT技術的潛力在於(1)顯著提高診斷準確 度，尤其對於亞洲婦女，中高密度乳房組織佔顯著比例的情況下，常用的X光乳房造影檢查(x-ray mammography)已無法有效地偵測病灶；(2)克服傳統核醫的局限性，並減少診斷成像所需時間，以 改善病人的舒適程度。另外，考慮到使用於SPECT分子影像之核醫藥物的多樣性，因此若能透過 本研究驗證ReSPECT技術的可行性，吾人相信，其意義將遠遠不止局限於乳腺癌檢測。重聚焦單光子射出電腦斷層造影(ReSPECT)旋轉式多針孔準直儀(rMPH collimator)分子影像(molecular imaging)Project